Analysis of off-farm work decisions among smallholder farm households in Burkina Faso

This article investigates off-farm work decisions by smallholder farm households. Using data on 1,101 households from Burkina Faso, it demonstrates that in addition to the usual household socio-demographic characteristics, remittances, access to information and beneficiary of specific training affect off-farm work decisions, as well as rainfall factors and idiosyncratic health shocks. Community characteristics such as accessibility and number of inhabitants are also key factors. While suggesting that off-farm work is less likely to be undertaken for accumulation purposes, these results have important policy implications. In particular, policy measures should consider each segment as a separate entity.     

Socio-political tensions in Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) development in low-income Asian cities

International development agencies, with the help of the central government, support building state of art Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) in low-income Asian cities. However, BRT investment over indigenous modes of mobility is creating socio-political tensions at the local level. This article uses multi-level governance as a theoretical lens to examine the relationships among actors in BRT investment decisions in Bandung and Surabaya, Indonesia. The research finds that local stakeholders can distort national and supranational policy initiatives totally or in a way that while projects are delivered, they are of limited use to the local communities they intended to help.     

Facilitating industrial symbiosis programmes in developing countries: reflections from Gauteng,South Africa

This viewpoint reflects on how to improve the process of introducing facilitated industrial symbiosis programmes (FISPs) to small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in developing countries. Although FISPs are a long-established industrial practice, their formal introduction to SMEs in developing countries has only recently begun, mostly through support from international development agencies. Based partly on anecdotal evidence from Gauteng, South Africa, we identify six key questions which need to be addressed to improve the process of facilitating FISPs.     

Fluorescence of a Natural Fluorophore as a Key to Improve Fingerprint Contrast Image

The optical and morphological properties of resveratrol were investigated. This nontoxic fluorescent natural material, emitting in the visible blue light, was used as an optical marker, enabling the enhancement of the image contrast coming from relief pictures marked on challenging surfaces. By applying appropriated imaging softwares, this marker was verified to be very useful in the latent fingerprint recognition deposited on different wood surface types, mainly those with high level of roughness, where conventional forensic materials do not allow effective fingerprint image visualization.     

肺气肿肺气虚证大鼠血气分析、血中细胞因子及肺组织病理学的改变

目的 :探索肺气虚证的本质。方法 :将 6 0只大鼠随机分为模型组与对照组 ,复制肺气肿肺气虚证模型 ,分别检测 pH、氧分压 (pO2 )、氧饱和度 (SaO2 % )、二氧化碳分压 (pCO2 )、白细胞介素 6 (IL 6 )、白细胞介素 8(IL 8)、肿瘤坏死因子 α(TNF α)及肺组织病理学的改变。结果 :模型组pH、pO2 、SaO2 %下降 ,pCO2 升高 ,与对照组比较 ,差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 1 ) ;模型组IL 6、IL 8、TNF α升高 ,与对照组比较 ,差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 1 ) ;病理组织学及超微结构检查显示肺组织有慢性支气管炎及肺气肿病变。结论 :肺气肿肺气虚证大鼠存在低氧血症和高碳酸血症 ,血中细胞因子IL 6、IL 8、TNF α升高 ,可能是肺气虚证从轻度向中、重度发展的重要原因之一。     

自然资源物权配置初探

对于自然资源,需要在利用与保护之间寻找到合适的平衡点,并以法律的形式将其确定下来。通过自然资源物权配置,把以对资源的用益为目的的各种物权形态,依照法律规定的条件和方式投入市场,最大限度实现国家所有权利益。同时,规范行政主管机关职责,完善行政管理的程序法律规范,将公法上的权力和私法上的权利相分离,使行政机关的宏观管理职能与自身部门利益相脱钩。     

2004年俄罗斯油气工业的现状、问题与前景

2004年是俄罗斯油气工业快速发展的一年,石油和天然气的产量、出口量及加工量都保持了强劲的增长势头。但是,尽管2004年俄罗斯油气工业的整体形势比较令人满意,可油气资源基地的滞后发展和出口管线问题在一定程度上制约了俄罗斯油气产量的增长。因此,寻找、勘探、开发新油气田,加快油气运输基础设施建设的步伐是俄罗斯油气工业未来的发展方向。     

云南四川藏族地区天然林资源保护区的林业可持续管理

本文根据联合国关于林业可持续管理的指标体系 ,对云南四川藏族地区天然林资源保护区实现林业可持续管理的目标分层进行了论述 ,在此基础上 ,分析了该区林业可持续管理的难点和制度影响 ,并立足该区藏族传统文化特点和社区林地的传统管理方式 ,提出了确立林地权属制度和社区管理体制、按照市场机制进行林业可持续管理的改进方式     

尿中氯胺酮及其代谢物检测的研究

目的建立氯胺酮滥用者尿中氯胺酮及其代谢物检测方法。方法尿液用有机溶剂液-液萃取,气相色谱/氮磷检测器、电子捕获检测器、氢火焰检测器和气-质联用仪测定。结果确认了尿液中氯胺酮的主要代谢物,尿液中氯胺酮及去甲氯胺酮的最小检测限均为2ng/mL,脱氢去甲氯胺酮的最小检测限为5ng/mL。结论所建方法快速、灵敏、准确,能够满足氯胺酮滥用者尿液检测的需要。     

血液样品中乙醇稳定性的实验研究

目的考察在不同存放条件下含乙醇的血液样品中乙醇浓度的变化情况。方法采用顶空-气相色谱法,以异丙醇为内标,对存放条件不同的血液样品中乙醇进行检测。结果冷冻(-10℃)条件存放1至30天,血液样品中乙醇含量无显著变化;冷藏(4℃)条件存放1至30天,血液样品中乙醇含量变化不显著;室温(28℃~33℃)条件存放1至30天,血液样品中乙醇含量显著改变。结论含有乙醇的血液样品,在冷冻、冷藏条件下可较稳定的存放30天;在室温条件下存放30天血液样品中乙醇浓度发生显著变化,不可在此条件下存放。